![]() The Abbasids were descendants from Prophet Muhammad’s youngest uncle, Abbas Ibn Abd Al-Muttalib, whom the empire was named after. Map of Abbasid caliphate during the 9th century and surrounding world states at that time. They ruled most of the Muslim world at the time covering 11,100,000 Km2 and about 33 million people from the North African region, to the Arabian Peninsula in West Asia and reaching to Iran in the East. As opposed to the Umayyads who treated the newly converted Muslims “mawali” as second-class citizens, the Abbasid Caliphate differentiated themselves by de-emphasizing ethnic Arabs and recreating the Muslim caliphate as a multi-ethnic entity to include the non-Arab Muslims. Upon the overthrowing of the Umayyads rulers in 750 A.D, the Umayyad’s family fled to AL- Andalus (the modern day Spain and Portugal) and they ruled the Islamic West for about six centuries. During most of its early history, it was one of the largest empires in the world, which meant that it had contact with neighbours from both the Far East such as the Chinese and Indians, as well as the Byzantines in the West, allowing it to acquire knowledge from these cultures and evolve further.įollowing both the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 A.D) and the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 A.D), the Abbasid Caliphate (750 to 1258 A.D ) was the third successor to the Islamic ruling. ![]() Known as the longest and most influential of Islamic empires, the Abbasid Caliphate oversaw the golden age of the Islamic civilization which we will discuss in more details shortly.
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